The Calves Head Club comprised a group of wealthy London traders and merchants who welcomed the beheading of King Charles the first and the rule of Oliver Cromwell. Even after the Restoration of King Charles the second, the executed king’s son, to the throne – they continued to meet in secret. Wealthy people who disliked monarchy.
On the 30th January, 1649, king Charles I stepped out of a first floor window of the Banqueting House in Whitehall (a building you can still see today though much restored) and on to a wooden scaffold. In front of a great crowd, the king’s head was chopped off.
This was the culmination of the English Civil War – a bitter conflict between the forces of the king and those of parliament. The latter, under the leadership of Oliver Cromwell, won. The decision to kill Charles wasn’t taken lightly and followed a trial after which fifty-nine Commissioners signed his death warrant.
When the monarchy was restored in 1660, several of those Commissioners were hunted down and then hanged, drawn and quartered – a slow and dreadful way to die. Any talk of sympathy for the regicides was treason. So it’s rather surprising to find that reports began to emerge in the early eighteenth century of a gentlemen’s club that was still celebrating the beheading of Charles I.
They did this in a rather macabre way. At a tavern in Suffolk Street, a large dish of calves’ heads was served up each dressed in a different way to represent the late king and other royalists who’d died in a similar manner. When the cloth was whipped away to reveal the strange meal, the revellers sang an anniversary song. A calf’s skull filled with wine was then passed around and every man toasted the regicides and their good work.
This was in defiance of church law after the Restoration of the monarchy that decreed the anniversary of King Charles’s execution as a day of fasting. So, the Calves’ Head Club were thumbing their nose at this demand to fast by having a very sumptuous if slightly revolting, in every sense, meal.
Things get out of hand at the Calves Head Club
In 1735, the gentlemen got a little carried away and chucked a bloodied calf’s head out of the tavern window. According to an account titled the Secret History of the Calves’ Head Club or the Republican unmasked, this act – on the anniversary of the king’s beheading, provoked a riot. At least that was the widely circulated version of events.
Lord Middlesex, who was one of the revellers, wrote an indignant letter to a friend of his, Mr Spence, who he referred to playfully as “Spanco”. According to his lordship, there was indeed a drunken party and the gentlemen even made a bonfire outside the tavern door for a bit of fun. But they suddenly realised that such an act on January 30 would make it look as if they were celebrating the execution of Charles I, which they definitely weren’t, he wrote.
However, a mob of (equally drunk) royalist Londoners was not so easily convinced and gathered round the tavern to rain rocks through the windows for an hour. To try and fend off the mob, the party shouted “The King, Queen and Royal Family!” Only the arrival of some soldiers saved the gathering from getting their heads bloodied. After that incident, we don’t hear about the Calves Head Club again.
